Key Trends and Insights in PreK-12 Enrollment & Demographics:

Public school enrollment is projected to decline by 3.7% through 2031.

Charter schools and homeschooling are growing as parents seek alternative education models.

Declining birth rates are impacting early childhood and elementary enrollments.

Hispanic and multiracial student populations are increasing, while White student enrollment is declining.

Economic pressures, including rising student poverty rates, are affecting school district funding and operations.

Chronic absenteeism is surging, impacting student learning outcomes.

Simba Information’s PreK-12 Enrollment and Demographics, 2025-2026 offers a comprehensive analysis of how demographic shifts, school choice initiatives, and economic pressures are redefining the U.S. education market. The pandemic disrupted traditional enrollment patterns, and while public school attendance has stabilized, it remains lower than pre-2020 levels. The combination of declining birth rates, the rise of alternative education options, and funding challenges presents significant hurdles for public schools in the years ahead.

Public school enrollments are projected to decline from 48.7 million in 2024 to 46.9 million by 2031, a 3.7% decrease. This shift reflects broader demographic trends, particularly the falling birth rate, which is expected to continue suppressing early childhood and elementary enrollments. Hispanic and multiracial student populations are growing, while White student enrollments are steadily decreasing.

The increasing popularity of school choice programs is another major factor in enrollment shifts. Charter schools have experienced rapid growth, with enrollments increasing nearly 10% over the past five years, particularly in urban areas. Homeschooling and microschools are also seeing increased adoption, as parents seek more flexible and personalized educational models.

Economic pressures on public school systems are also mounting. With a growing number of students from low-income families, school districts are struggling to allocate resources effectively. More than half of public school students qualify for free or reduced-price lunch programs, and chronic absenteeism rates have climbed significantly since the pandemic. As enrollment declines and funding becomes more volatile, school districts may be forced to consolidate schools, cut programs, or shift towards more cost-effective education models.

The report examines the future of public schooling in the U.S., highlighting how education leaders and policymakers must adapt to a shifting market. Strategies such as increased technology integration, specialized curricula, and innovative resource allocation will be critical in maintaining a competitive and effective education system.

This report is an essential resource for education providers, policymakers, and investors seeking data-driven insights into the changing landscape of K-12 education.

PreK-12 Enrollment & Demographics Report Methodology

Simba Information’s PreK-12 Enrollment & Demographics, 2025-2026 provides a comprehensive, data-driven analysis of PreK-12 enrollment trends and demographics. The report primarily focuses on the 2023-2024 school year, but historical data has been incorporated for comparative analysis and long-term trend identification. By examining enrollment shifts over time, the report contextualizes recent changes within broader demographic, policy, and market forces, offering education stakeholders a clearer understanding of how these trends impact instructional needs and market opportunities.

Data Sources and Collection

The findings presented in this report are based on a combination of authoritative, publicly available data and independent analysis conducted by Simba Information. The primary source for national and state-level enrollment data is the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), whose datasets offer official enrollment counts, subgroup demographics, and historical trend data. Wherever possible, the most recently available NCES data were used.

It should be noted that figures published across NCES tables may not align precisely, as the agency regularly revises its estimates and publishes updates at varying intervals. To maintain consistency and credibility, Simba Information has opted to present the figures as published in the most recent available NCES sources without adjustment. In cases involving projected figures, we have preserved the NCES projections as originally reported rather than modifying them to align with newer enrollment data in separate tables. Any such revisions, while superficially improving alignment, could undermine the integrity of the projections that NCES has not yet updated.

Supplementary data were drawn from state education departments, local school districts, and independent research organizations to provide additional context and to validate regional variations. All data points have been carefully reviewed for consistency, currency, and methodological soundness, ensuring a comprehensive and accurate representation of current and projected enrollment trends.

Beyond government sources, this report incorporates data from leading research institutions, policy think tanks, and organizations specializing in PreK-12 education and demographic studies. These sources help contextualize the raw enrollment data, providing insights into the economic, social, and policy-driven factors influencing enrollment patterns.

Data Analysis and Synthesis

To provide an accurate and actionable analysis of enrollment trends, Simba Information employs a rigorous synthesis process that combines:

Year-over-year enrollment comparisons to identify short-term shifts and stabilize fluctuations

Multi-year historical data reviews to distinguish temporary disruptions from long-term trends

Cross-validation between national, state, and independent data sources to ensure consistency and reliability

Demographic analysis to assess subgroup trends, including English learners, students with disabilities, and racial/ethnic population shifts

Economic and policy impact evaluation to gauge the role of birth rates, immigration, school choice programs, and funding structures

By using historical benchmarks and forecasting models, the report identifies critical inflection points in enrollment trends, helping education stakeholders anticipate future shifts in student populations and school demand.

Scope and Limitations

The data presented in this report represents the most recent information available from government agencies, research institutions, and independent studies. While some metrics are updated annually, others, particularly subgroup-specific data and granular district-level figures, may have a lag in reporting. Where possible, this report includes historical context to fill gaps and maintain continuity in trend analysis.

Additionally, while the report leverages the most authoritative and widely accepted data sources, it is important to recognize that enrollment figures are influenced by local reporting variations, changing data collection methodologies, and evolving policy landscapes.

To maintain the highest standards of data integrity, Simba Information adheres to strict validation protocols, including:

Cross-referencing multiple sources to confirm accuracy

Highlighting and explaining data discrepancies where inconsistencies arise

Applying statistical smoothing techniques to reduce anomalies in enrollment projections

Providing transparent citations for all figures and estimates

Through comprehensive data collection, rigorous analysis, and a focus on actionable insights, this methodology ensures that PreK-12 Enrollment & Demographics, 2025-2026 serves as a trusted resource for education providers, policymakers, and industry leaders. The report’s structured approach to enrollment analysis allows stakeholders to anticipate market shifts, understand demographic changes, and make informed decisions in an evolving PreK-12 landscape.